What is the dipole moment of the chemical with CAS 110-05-4?
The chemical with CAS 110 - 05 - 4 is tert - Butyl hydroperoxide. As a supplier of this chemical, I'm often asked about its various properties, including the dipole moment. Understanding the dipole moment of a chemical is crucial as it provides valuable insights into its physical and chemical behavior, such as solubility, intermolecular forces, and reactivity.
Understanding Dipole Moment
Before delving into the dipole moment of tert - Butyl hydroperoxide, let's briefly review what a dipole moment is. A dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge within a molecule. This separation is due to differences in electronegativity between the atoms in the molecule. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond.
When two atoms with different electronegativities form a bond, the more electronegative atom will pull the bonding electrons closer to itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ -) on that atom and a partial positive charge (δ +) on the less electronegative atom. The dipole moment (μ) is a vector quantity that measures the magnitude and direction of this charge separation. It is calculated as the product of the charge (q) and the distance (d) between the charges: μ = q × d. The unit of dipole moment is the Debye (D), where 1 D = 3.336×10⁻³⁰ C·m.
Dipole Moment of tert - Butyl Hydroperoxide
Tert - Butyl hydroperoxide has the chemical formula (CH₃)₃COOH. To understand its dipole moment, we need to analyze the individual bonds and their contributions.
The oxygen - hydrogen (O - H) bond in the hydroperoxide group is highly polar. Oxygen is much more electronegative than hydrogen (electronegativity values: O = 3.44, H = 2.20 on the Pauling scale). This large difference in electronegativity results in a significant charge separation, with a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom.
The carbon - oxygen (C - O) bond in the molecule also contributes to the dipole moment. Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon (C = 2.55 on the Pauling scale), so there is a partial negative charge on the oxygen and a partial positive charge on the carbon.
The tert - butyl group ((CH₃)₃C -) is relatively non - polar compared to the O - H and C - O bonds. The carbon - hydrogen (C - H) bonds in the methyl groups have a relatively small electronegativity difference (C = 2.55, H = 2.20), resulting in a small dipole moment for each C - H bond. However, the symmetric arrangement of the methyl groups in the tert - butyl group tends to cancel out some of the small dipole moments of the individual C - H bonds.
The overall dipole moment of tert - Butyl hydroperoxide is the vector sum of the dipole moments of all the individual bonds in the molecule. Due to the presence of the highly polar O - H and C - O bonds, tert - Butyl hydroperoxide has a non - zero dipole moment. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations suggest that the dipole moment of tert - Butyl hydroperoxide is approximately in the range of 2 - 3 Debye.
Significance of Dipole Moment in tert - Butyl Hydroperoxide
The dipole moment of tert - Butyl hydroperoxide has several important implications for its properties and applications.
Solubility: The non - zero dipole moment makes tert - Butyl hydroperoxide more soluble in polar solvents such as water and alcohols. The polar O - H and C - O bonds can interact with the polar solvent molecules through dipole - dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. This solubility property is important in various chemical processes where tert - Butyl hydroperoxide is used as an oxidizing agent or a radical initiator.
Intermolecular Forces: The dipole moment gives rise to dipole - dipole intermolecular forces between tert - Butyl hydroperoxide molecules. These forces are stronger than the London dispersion forces (which are present in all molecules) and contribute to the physical state of the compound. Tert - Butyl hydroperoxide is a liquid at room temperature, and the dipole - dipole forces play a role in determining its boiling point and viscosity.
Reactivity: The charge separation in the molecule due to the dipole moment can affect its reactivity. The partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom in the O - H bond makes it more acidic and more likely to participate in acid - base reactions. The partial negative charge on the oxygen atoms can make them more nucleophilic, leading to reactions with electrophiles.
Related Products in Our Portfolio
As a supplier of tert - Butyl hydroperoxide, we also offer other related organic peroxides that are widely used in various industries.
One of our products is Tert - Butyl Peroxybenzoate. It is an efficient initiator for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and is used in the production of polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene.
Another product is Tertial - butyl(2 - ethylhexyl)Monoperoxy Carbonate. This compound is used as a polymerization initiator in the manufacturing of synthetic rubbers and plastics. It offers good thermal stability and reactivity, making it suitable for a wide range of polymerization processes.
We also supply Tert - Amyl Hydroperoxide. It is a strong oxidizing agent and is used in various chemical reactions, such as the epoxidation of olefins and the oxidation of alcohols.
Contact Us for Procurement
If you are interested in purchasing tert - Butyl hydroperoxide or any of our other products, we invite you to contact us for a detailed discussion. Our team of experts is ready to assist you with your specific requirements, including product specifications, pricing, and delivery options. Whether you are a small - scale laboratory or a large - scale industrial manufacturer, we can provide you with high - quality chemicals and excellent service.
References
- Atkins, P. W., & de Paula, J. (2014). Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press.
- Housecroft, C. E., & Sharpe, A. G. (2012). Inorganic Chemistry. Pearson Education.
- McMurry, J. (2015). Organic Chemistry. Cengage Learning.